Abstract The contamination of water resources in dam reservoirs risks the health of citizens and wildlife. In this chapter, it was intended to address multiple polluted dams in Iran, sources of water pollution, quantitative indicators of sewage development, wastewater treatment measures as a benchmark of environmental performance index worldwide, the review of the technological determinism and the social logic for technology, as well as need to mingle hardware and software remediation technologies concerned with water pollution. For more sustainable water resource, it is convinced that a paradigm shift should take place in the manner by which the respective stakeholders think of nature. Consequently, software technologies are defined in the context of scientific paradigms that are composed of the components of ontology, epistemology, methodology, and axiology. We cast a brief look at the viewpoint of each of the scientific paradigms to nature. Accordingly, an integrated agenda is delivered for water pollution management, which benefits from a fundamental scientific point of views. If paradigm shift to older styles of thinking about water resources come into notice, the remediation of pollution is likely to be possible, as would be the case in the study. This contribution would be a remarkable platform for experts, politicians, scientists, managers, and practitioners, as well as the public to disseminate hard and soft technologies in the field of sewage management and water pollution.
