The combination of a waste-driven hybrid heat and power plant with a small organic
Rankine cycle unit was recently proposed and investigated from a thermodynamic perspective. The
present study provides a more comprehensive assessment from system operation through
considering the energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental (4E) aspects in a revised
design of this concept to obtain a bigger picture of the system’s technical, economic, and
environmental effects on existing and future energy systems. The revised design includes a flue gas
condensation unit and alternative friendly organic working fluids. For this, the hybrid plant is
modeled for its thermal, economic, and environmental performances. Then, the exergy losses and
environmental effects of the system are scrutinized, the cost of losses and pollutions are predicted,
and lastly, sorts of solutions are introduced to improve the exergoeconomic and
exergoenvironmental performances of the system. The results indicate that the highest share of
exergy destruction relates to the incineration (equipped with a steam generator) with a levelized
cost of approximately USD 71/h for a power plant with almost 3.3 megawatt electricity output
capacity. The hybridization proposal with the flue gas condensation unit increases the sustainability
index of the system from 1.264 to 1.28.