The rising global energy demand and environmental impact of traditional energy resources pose serious challenges to human health, energy security, and environmental protection. One promising solution is fuel cell technology, which provides clean and sustainable power. Fuel cell as energy conversion technology currently receives intensive research and development focus because of its high energy conversion efficiency, virtually no pollution, and potential large-scale applications. However, fuel cells require a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) (∼0.4 mg cm−2).
