Masoud Asghari

Wireless nanonetworks, consisting of nodes of nanometric size, are an emerging technology with various applications, such as in medicine, metamaterial and agriculture. As in any multi-hop network, routing is an important primitive. Due to their extremely small sizes, nanonodes’ energy budget is rather limited, hence any method to reduce the energy used is of paramount importance. The energy is influenced, among others, by the number of packets sent and received, and forwarding nodes. This paper proposes ray tracing forwarding, where only nodes having received duplicate packets in the same time slot can forward them. Simulations in a dense nanonetwork show that the forwarders form a quasistraight line and can deviate at borders. In long nanonetwork environments such as blood vessels and branches, the ray tracing forwarding outperforms the coordinate-free and coordinate-based routing methods found in the literature.