Historic masonry structures represent irreplaceable components of the world’s cultural heritage but are inherently susceptible to seismic damage due to their limited tensile strength, material degradation over time, and lack of ductile behavior. This study presents a systematic review of existing research concerning the seismic vulnerability of the historic Durak Han a seventeenth-century stone-vaulted caravanserai located in close proximity to the North Anatolian Fault. Nonlinear dynamic analyses, performed using calibrated finite element models, demonstrate that the structure in its current condition exhibits critical stress concentrations and excessive lateral displacements when subjected to ground motions representative of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, thereby indicating insufficient seismic resilience. Within this context, three heritage-compatible retrofitting strategies Nano-Fiber Textile Reinforced Mortar (NFTRM), conventional Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM), and Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) are critically reviewed and comparatively evaluated. The principal aim is to identify the most effective intervention technique for enhancing shear resistance, controlling deformations, and improving global stability, while maintaining the architectural and historical integrity of the structure. Notably, the seismic retrofitting of a historic inn such as Durak Han has not been previously investigated in the literature, underscoring the originality and relevance of this study. Findings from both the literature review and analytical simulations indicate that advanced composite-based strengthening systems particularly NFTRM can substantially enhance seismic performance while adhering to conservation principles. Overall, the results emphasize the necessity of integrating contemporary structural engineering methods with heritage conservation frameworks to ensure the sustainable protection of historic masonry buildings located in seismically active regions
