Desulfurization is an important process for crude oil upgrading. The challenges of hydrodesulfurization for desulfurizing the refractory sulfur compounds of petroleum fuels are prompting researchers to investigate other desulfurization techniques. In this regard, oxidative desulfurization technologies have advantages over conventional hydrodesulfurization technologies in terms of pressure operation, benign oxidant, low cost, and high product selectivity. An analysis of heterogeneous oxidation catalysts is performed to determine the activities and optimal operating conditions for the multiphase oxidative desulfurization (ODS) reactions, using a model diesel. For this purpose, the modification of heterogeneous catalysts is possible in designing new catalysts using (i) functionalized catalysts by metal cations, metal oxide, and solid acid compounds and (ii) modification of surface structure by the formation of hierarchically structured using sequential dealumination-desilication or dealumination process to the formation of mesoporous structure. Depending on the catalyst surface chemical composition and mesoporous structure, large molecules of sulfur such as DBT are removed through the adsorption and oxidation of the DBT. This paper discusses the modified zeolite using hybrid materials and mesoporous structure. The effect of several parameters on oxidative desulfurization is investigated. Modified zeolites have been shown good sulfur removal (70-100)% , good reusability, and stable structure for the removal of sulfur compounds.
