The abundance and availability of the clay materials and their relatively low cost guarantees their continued utilization in the future. Research and development will find new applications for clays in the future which has been the pattern in the past. In recent years, the interest in clays has increased dramatically due to its composition and structure which can be easily modified to serve different purposes. Largely due to structural flexibility and its small particle size, clay nanostructure can be modified to various applications [1,2]. Important characteristics relating to applications of clay minerals are particle size, surface chemistry, particle shape, surface area, and other physical and chemical properties specific and others. The modification of clay materials causes the improve the physico-chemical, rheological, and mechanical properties. There are various methods for modifying the structure of clay and increasing its efficiency, including acid- and salt-induced, as well as thermally and mechanically induced modified clays impregnation, pillarization, porous clay heterostructure, organoclay, polymerclay nanocomposite, and clay modification with metal nanoparticles [3]. The modified clays was used in several application including industrial wastewater treatment, removal of pollutants, catalysts, adsorbent, cation exchanges, industial oil, fertilizer, petroleum discovery, recovery and refining, and others, are closely related to their structure and composition [4,5]. This paper is focused on the recent achievements in the studies of modification of clay and its application in the removal of pollutants.
