Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar spraying of different concentrations of glycine betaine as an osmotic regulator and supplemental irrigation under rainfed conditions on chickpea growth and yield. Material and Methods: Simultaneous effects of foliar spray of glycine betaine (0 mM: GB0, 25Mm: GB25, and 50 Mm: GB50) and different levels of irrigation (RF: rainfed or no irrigation, SI1: supplemental irrigation during flowering stage, SI2: two supplemental irrigations during flowering and podding, and FI: full irrigation) were assessed on the morphophysiological characteristics of chickpeas under field condition in the western part of Iran. Results: The effect of SI treatments on the growth was much more noticeable than GB foliar application. Utilization SI2 + GB25 significantly improved chlorophyll content, pod and seed number, hundred seed weight, and biological yield. SI1 and SI2 increased grain yield by 30% and 62%, respectively, compared to RF conditions. Conclusion: Taken together, two supplemental irrigation during flowering and podding along with foliar spray of GB25 as a reasonable management options increased seed yield and the water use efficiency.
