This research aimed to study the vari ability and associations of agronomic traits among 64 garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) accessions were originated from the IPK, Germany, with four local Iranian cultivars, examined across two environmental conditions, Ardabil (cold climate) and Eyvanki (semi warm climate). Results indicated that seed yield ranged from 31.9 to 126.2 g m−2 in Ardabil and 25.8 to 123.1 g m−2 in Eyvanki. Clustering of traits in both locations, grouped them into practical classifications, like yield components, vegetative growth, and phono logic characters. However, accessions 10, 43, 48, 52, and 53 indicated the most stable and desirable perfor mance in two environmental conditions, introducing them as the best ones for future breeding programs. Clustering of accessions revealed five groups in each location, indicating high intra- and inter-group varia tion. Some traits, like leaf size and number of seeds per pod, had positive correlation with seed yield and biomass, while the other remained traits such as total pod number did not show ant association with target variable. Current findings suggest that yield of garden cress is affected by leaf size and pod size more than pod number. The Iranian local cultivars indicated various clustering behavior, showing remakable genetic admixture of germplasm. The genetic varibility founded in this research provides a foundation to select promising genotypes for seed and leaf yield breeding. However, geographic origin did not idenrtified as a reliable indicator for assessing genetic diver sity in garden cress.
