As a widely cultivated vegetable crop, dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is produced for both food and medicinal purposes. This research investigates the genetic diversity of 30 dill accessions from diverse regions of Iran. The evaluated traits included: seed number per umbel (SNU), number of umbellets per umbel (NUU), number of umbels per plant (NUP), node number before flowering (NNF), inflorescence fresh weight (IFW), plant fresh weight (PFW), inflorescence dry weight (IDW), plant dry weight (PDW), and seed yield (SY). The accession-by-trait biplot explained 83% (52% and 31% for the first and second principal components, respectively) of the total variation, indicating a complex pattern of interactions between accessions and traits in dill. Plant fresh and dry weight, and SY were related to seed of umbel, and umbellet of umbel, so these yield components can be used for improving both seed yield and biomass. Results revealed significant variation in traits across the accessions, with accessions 22 (Urmia) and 11 (Sarab) showing consistently high performance for both PDW and SY. Also, a graphical biplot analysis highlighted key trait associations, including strong positive relationships between IFW, IDW, and NUP. Accessions 22 and 11 were identified as the most reliable candidates for future breeding programs aimed at improving dill biomass and seed yield. Accession 24, followed by accessions 3, 22, and 30, were identified as the ideal accessions, suggesting their superior ability for discriminating across traits. PDW following to SNU and SY indicated the more potential for both representative and discrimination capabilities, positioned at the ideal trait location.
