Water resources in Mediterranean, semiarid, and arid ecosystems are highly dependent on aquifer storage (Arabameri et al., 2019; Khan et al., 2019; Rahaman et al., 2019; Salem et al., 2019). These ecosystems are characterized by a permanent shortage of water resources due to an imbalance between water recharge and extraction rates, which is, to some extent, caused by low precipitation and high evaporation rates. In parallel, environmental conditions affect the livelihoods of humans because of their high dependence on groundwater resources, as surface conditions are scarce. This is why a holistic survey of groundwater resources is essential (Mussa et al., 2020; Termeh et al., 2019; Thomas et al., 2019).
