Background. — Although the beneficial effects of regular physical activities have been well established in diabetes management over the past decade, different methods of physical activity have not been fully developed yet. Aim. — This study aimed to examine whether performing training in water improves glucose homeostasis and lipocalins in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. — Forty women with T2DM and 20 women without T2DM with an age range of 50 to 60 years participated in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups, including diabetic exercise (n = 20), diabetic control (n = 20), and healthy control (n = 20). Exercise group completed three sessions of exercise per week at 60—80% of maximum heart rate, under supervision, for three months. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise regimen. Plasma Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1 C), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), insulin, and glucose were measured by ELISA method to calculate insulin resistance index. Results. — These findings indicated that after 12 weeks of exercise, TC, TG, LDL-C, FABP, LCN-2, and RBP4 were significantly reduced in the experimental group (p <0.05). Performing training in water seems to reduce the FBS, insulin, and HbA1 C to a higher degree as compared to the control group.
