سید محمد مظفری رودبرده

It has been firmly established by the late David Pingree and other scholars1 that Jai Singh’s era saw the intersection of a long-persisting medieval Middle Eastern tradition of mathematical and observational astronomy and a new astronomy brought from Europe in a collaboration of Jesuit missionaries and Persian and Indian astronomers. The observatories came in the succession of a long-persisting tradition originating from the medieval Middle East that had already reached the Yuan capital of Beijing in the 13th century and Istanbul in the 16th century. The product of Jai Singh’s observational program, the Muḥammad-Shāhī zīj, was written in Persian and represents the continuation of a tradition of compiling astronomical tables with explanatory sections for their use in Persian which started in the 11th century.