Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a large group of oil
contaminants with carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. The release of
these compounds in soil destroys animals, plants and microbial diversity and has
several negative impacts on physical properties of the soil including the
destruction of soil aggregates reduction in pores, and increase in soil bulk density.
Many strains of microorganisms isolated have the phenanthrene-degrading ability
but this study focused on isolation and identification of a phenanthrene-degrader
bacterium for bioremediation of contaminated soils.
Materials and Methods: Enrichment technique was used for isolation and the
most effective isolates, were named pseudomonas aeruginosa ZF1 and Serratia
marcescens ZF2. The degradation experiments were conducted in the mineral salt
medium (MSM) containing phenanthrene as the sole source of carbon and energy.
The selection was based on phenanthrene biodegradation abilities. The isolates
were identified using morphological, biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing
and after 10 days’ incubation at 30 °C and pH = 7, the bacterial growth and Phedegrading
rate were evaluated by protein assay (Bradford) and gas
chromatography (GC), respectively.
Results: Biochemical tests and 16s rDNA gene sequence analysis revealed that
isolated bacteria are similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZF1 and Serratia
marcescens ZF2 with 99% similarity. The results showed a mixture of ZF1 and
ZF2 bacteria could degrade 83% at minimum concentrations of 200 ppm of
phenanthrene whereas single strain culture of two bacteria had poor degradation
abilities (less than 15%).
Conclusion: Results showed that isolated co-culture bacteria have high potential
to degrade phenanthrene with the best results achieved when the enriched
consortium was used and this mixture was shown to be an appropriate candidate
for bioremediation purposes.