عنوان مجله
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RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
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چکیده
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The energy consumption in the world is substantially increasing due to the increase in human activities and the
energy-requiring industrialization. For decades, fossils fuels have been used as a primary resource in the world.
However, considerable fossil fuel consumption has negative impacts and outcomes on the environment. In this
sense, hydrogen is regarded as a clean, versatile, and alternative fuel of the future against fossil fuel-dependent
energy production. Among different hydrogen production methods, biological hydrogen production offers a
more environmentally friendly pathway. Photofermentative biological hydrogen not only profits from utilizing a
variety of organic substrates but also, purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB), mainly preferred bacteria in this
method, operate under a broad range of wavelengths of the light spectrum. In order to improve this process, cell
immobilization has been introduced. A number of immobilization techniques, support materials, immobilized
photobioreactors were overviewed. The critical factors affecting hydrogen production in immobilized systems
were also highlighted. The present work covers a review of recent advances and applications, especially in the
last decade in biohydrogen production by immobilized photosynthetic bacteria through natural and synthetic
routes. Furthermore, techno-economic aspects (costs, challenges, barriers, etc.) of biohydrogen were evaluated
and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach was assessed in the case of photobioreactor design. Extensive
hydrodynamic, heat and mass transfer issues in addition to large and pilot-scale future studies are recommended
to demonstrate the feasibility of the immobilized system.
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