چکیده
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Several factors ranging from environmental risks to the genetics of the virus and that of the hosts, affect the
spread of COVID-19. The impact of physicochemical variables on virus vitality and spread should be taken into
account in experimental and clinical studies. Another avenue to explore is the effect of diet and its interaction
with the immune system on SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality rate. Past year have witnessed extensive studies
on virus and pathophysiology of the COVID-19 disease and the cellular mechanisms of virus spreading. However,
our knowledge has not reached a level where we plan an efficient therapeutic approach to prevent the virus entry
to the cells or decreasing the spreading and morbidity in severe cases of disease. The risk of infection directly
correlates with the control of virus spreading via droplets and aerosol transmission, as well as patient immune
system response. A key goal in virus restriction and transmission rate is to understand the physicochemical
structure of aerosol and droplet formation, and the parameters that affect the droplet-borne and airborne in
different environmental conditions. The lifetime of droplets on different surfaces is described based on the
contact angle. Hereby, we recommend regular use of high-quality face masks in high temperature and low humidity conditions. However, in humid and cold weather conditions, wearing gloves and frequently hand
washing, gain a higher priority. Additionally, social distancing rules should be respected in all aforementioned
conditions. We will also discuss different routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the cells and how multiple genetic
factors play a role in the spread of the virus. Given the role of environmental and nutritional factors, we discuss
and recommend some strategies to prevent the disease and protect the population against COVID-19. Since an
effective vaccine can prevent the transmission of communicable diseases and abolish pandemics, we added a
brief review of candi
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