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چکیده
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To study phenomenological properties of extensive air showers initiated by different particles (i.e., γ, p, Fe), CORSIKA simulations were used. We adopted a statistical method to produce diagrams of mean values of depth of shower maxima, Xmax, versus energy decades. To be compared with other works, this method were applied for Yakutsk array and the resulted diagrams were used to calculate the mass composition of a set of published data from this array. The mass composition of cosmic rays (from 1017 eV up to the highest energies) in different combinations ofQGSJET-II-04, SYBILL 1.6, and SYBILL 2.1 with FLUKA were discussed and upper limits for the observed proton flux were calculated. Due to these results a tendency to light nuclei was proposed and the predicted value of upper limit for the observed proton flux was close to GZK cutoff in a combination of FLUKA and QGSJET-II-04 models.
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