|
چکیده
|
Plants release volatile compounds in response to insect herbivory, which can serve as defensive compounds and mediators of interactions with other plants, microorganisms, and animals. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) can act as indirect plant defenses by attracting natural enemies of the herbivore. Understanding the role of HIPVs in attracting prey/host and reducing searching time by natural enemies is important for improving the application of these beneficial organisms in biological control programs. Insects of the Miridae family, including Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) and Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur, are effective in pest control. Therefore, investigating their biological parameters under different conditions is significant. In this study, we examined the age-stage two-sex life table parameters of N. tenuis by feeding on the eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 65±5% RH, and 16:8 h (L:D) photoperiod) on geranium plants. We arranged treatments as geranium plants previously exposed (EX) and unexposed (UE) to M. pygmaeus in 40 replicates. Data were analyzed using two-sex MS-Chart software, and mean comparisons carried out using the bootstrap method. The egg incubation period ranged from 8.12 to 8.18 days, developmental times for the nymphs ranged from 12.47 to 13.07 days, and adult longevity was 27.18 - 26.68 days on the EX and UX treatments, respectively. Mean adult preoviposition period (APOP) and total preoviposition period (TPOP) were estimated as 3.25 - 23.8 on EX and 3.30 - 24.5 on UX treatments, respectively. Mean fecundity was also different on the EX and UX treatments, estimated as 127.25 and 115.20 per female, respectively. Intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) was calculated on the EX and UX treatments as 0.14 ± 0.006 and 0.13 ± 0.006 day-1, and the finite rate of increase (λ) was recorded as 1.15 ± 0.007 and 1.14 ± 0.006 day-1, respectively, along with net reproductive rate (R0) of 63.62 ± 10.13 and 57.60 ± 9.
|