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چکیده
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Codling moth (Cydia Pomonella (L.)) is one of the serious and cosmopolitan pests that can be detected in all apple orchards worldwide. This pest destroys up to 90 percent of apple product under favorable conditions for its growing and survival if not managed. Considering the apple orchards extent and product quality and quantity in Maragheh region, the need for integrated management and forecasting operations is undeniable. In this study, codling moth forecasting carried out during the growing season in 2022 using integrated management by recording the host plant phenology, pest life cycle, installing delta-type pheromone traps and climatic data collecting using web based data logger. For this purpose, an apple orchard selected ( 3 ha), then 3 pheromone traps were installed at suitable distances in order to detect the emergence and flight peaks of the male moths, prior to first bloom of the apple in April. The time of biofixing coincideds with full flowering, and the first catching of male moths in the traps. Traps were checked daily until the biofix and then with 3 days’ interval. For degree- day calculations, the developmental threshold was adjusted equal to 9.63 degrees Celsius according to the height above sea level (1650 meters). Also, to calculate the degree-day, a simple model was used using daily maximum and minimum temperature and developmental threshold. Investigations showed that the pest has 3 generations per year in the surveyd area. The results of analysis of data indicated, the required degree-days for growth and developmental stages of the pest. Therefore, the peak emergence of the first generation larvae (180.27 degree-days) was determined on June 2, at fruit set stage, the peak emergence of the second generation larvae (632.11 degree-days) on July 7, at green fruit stage and the peak of third generation larvae emergence (1207.63 degree-days) on August 10, at pre-ripening stage, and accordingly the time of the pest control was determined.
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