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چکیده
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Determining the contribution of human activities to drought occurrence or aggravation of drought is an essential issue in drought risk management. Drought begins under the influence of meteorological processes and propagates to hydrological drought, which human activities affect. In this study, an Anthropogenic Drought Index (ADI) was developed using two meteorological indices (Standardized Precipitation Index [SPI] and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index [SPEI]) and two hydrological indices (Standardized Streamflow Index [SSI] and Streamflow Drought Index [SDI]). The ADI considers the meteorological and hydrological drought characteristics of duration, severity, and frequency. To assess drought risk, the ADI was used as a hazard along with the vulnerability index, which also takes into account the socioeconomic and physical factors of the study area. The developed formulation was applied to the western part of the Lake Urmia basin, which has dried in recent years due to unsustainable water resources management. The study area covered 20 stations with 40-year meteorological and hydrological data. A visual comparison of the meteorological and hydrological indices shows that human behavior has significantly increased the hydrological drought characteristics over the past 20 years. The ADI results indicate that in some stations, the ADI values exceed 2, highlighting the need for sustainable water withdrawal in these areas. The risk assessment results also classify the studied stations into five bands, prioritizing them from the viewpoint of drought risk management.
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