عنوان	Encapsulation of diflubenzuron in PEG-400 nanoparticles and evaluation pesticide activity against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
نوع پژوهش	مقاله چاپ‌شده در مجلات علمی
کلیدواژه‌ها	Diflubenzuron, PEG/HPMC, Pesticide, Toxicity, Helicoverpa armigera
چکیده	New formulation of diflubenzuron, was carried out through a simple and green route using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The insecticidal efficacy of PEG nano-capsules loaded with diflubenzuron (DFB) pesticide was evaluated against Helicoverpa armigera (Heb). The loaded nanoparticles had the spherical-shape and an average size of 80 ± 20 nm. In the acute toxicity bioassay, 2nd instar larvae of H. armigera were exposed to either DFB or fabricated DFB@NPs for 96 h. According to the results, the LC50 values were 316.87 and 139.36 µg a.i./mL for DFB and fabricated DFB@NPs, respectively. Also, the results of the contact toxicity bioassay against the egg stage of the pest revealed the LC50 values of 70.74 and 8.58 µg a.i./mL for DFB and nanoparticles prepared by PEG-400, respectively. Controlled release experiments showed that DFB@NPs releases the active ingredient over a prolonged period. This study revealed that the nanoformulation of diflubenzuron by PEG-400 can improve its insecticidal efficacy against H. armigera. The residue of DFB was analyzed via an HPLC and showed that after 3 weeks the residue of DFB and DFB@NPs were much lower than MRLs. Overall, our results indicated that the nanoformulation of diflubenzuron is more economical and environmentally friendly than traditional formulations.
پژوهشگران	موسی صابر (نفر اول)، زینب احمدی (نفر دوم)، غلامرضا مهدوی نیا (نفر سوم)، رضا فرشباف زینتی (نفر چهارم)، اسمار سلیمانزاده (نفر پنجم)