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چکیده
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Background and Objective: The scarcity of water resources in semi-arid regions necessities the use of climate-smart methods like supplemental irrigation and soil amendments. This research aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizers under both rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions on the growth and yield of lentil in northwest Iran. Methodology: A split-plot experiment was conducted with three replications under field conditions. The main factor was irrigation regimes, including rainfed (R) and supplemental irrigation (SI). SI was applied during the tillering, flowering, and seed setting stages. The subplots were allocated to various fertilizers: 1- no-fertilizer application (control), 2- the application of 100% of the recommended dose of three essential macronutrients (NPK100), 3- the application of 50% of the recommended dose of NPK + 5 t ha-1 of cattle farmyard manure (NPK50+FYM5), 4- the application of 50% of the suggested dose of NPK + biofertilizer (NPK50+BI), 5- utilization of 10 t ha-1 of FYM (FYM10), and 6- the application of 20 t ha-1 of FYM (FYM20). Main Results: SI significantly increased (P < 0.05) plant height (34.70 ± 3.03 cm), leaf greenness (48.45 ± 2.56 SPAD units), canopy width (20.58 ± 3.16 cm), biomass (0.97 ± 0.10 g), pod number (65.17 ± 5.51 pods per plant), and grain yield (7.59 ± 0.53 g) over the R conditions. The highest lateral and longitudinal canopy growth, as well as grain yield, were obtained by the application of FYM10, FYM20, and NPK100. The application of all doses of NPK fertilizer increased the leaf greenness (SPAD index). The highest grain yield was recorded with the application of FYM20, NPK100, and FYM10 under SI conditions. Conclusions: SI enhanced the efficacy of chemical fertilizers and cattle farmyard manure. Consequently, it is crucial to apply organic soil amendments and adhere to the suggested amounts of NPK, while also delivering three additional irrigations throughout the reproductive phases in the examined semi-arid agricultural zone.
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