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چکیده
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This study examines the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect on building energy consumption in Tehran from 1998 to 2024, utilizing MODIS satellite data. Findings indicate that SUHI significantly elevates urban temperatures, with an average increase of 5°C–12°C above rural areas, especially during nighttime. This temperature increase results in heightened energy demands, primarily for cooling. Data from Energy Plus simulations show that, in SUHI-affected zones, annual cooling energy requirements for a typical building rose by 15%–20% over the study period, peaking at approximately 65 kWh/m² in recent years. Conversely, winter heating demands are slightly reduced by about 5%–10% due to retained heat, with an average energy consumption of around 45 kWh/m². This seasonal energy demand imbalance underscores SUHI's impact on power infrastructure, particularly during summer months when urban cooling needs reach critical levels. The analysis reveals that the absence of SUHI results in significantly lower cooling requirements, at roughly 35 kWh/m², underscoring the potential benefits of mitigation. Sustainable urban planning strategies, such as increasing green space and using reflective materials, could alleviate SUHI impacts by reducing surface temperatures. Policy recommendations focus on incentivizing green infrastructure and implementing energy-efficient urban designs to decrease cooling loads, enhance energy resilience, and reduce emissions. This research offers a quantitative foundation for policymakers and urban planners seeking to address SUHI effects through climate-responsive urban design, providing hope for a more sustainable and resilient urban future.
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